Brain Corals (Lobophyllia / Symphyllia / Trachyphyllia)

Taxonomy & Identity

Brain corals encompass several genera of large-polyp stony corals named for their convoluted, brain-like appearance. Popular aquarium species include Lobed Brain (Lobophyllia), Closed Brain (Symphyllia), and Open Brain (Trachyphyllia). These impressive LPS corals feature vibrant colors and dramatic feeding responses.

Natural Habitat & Distribution

Brain corals are found throughout the Indo-Pacific and Caribbean (different genera). They typically inhabit sandy bottoms, reef slopes, and lagoons at various depths. Trachyphyllia are often found unattached on sandy substrates, while Lobophyllia and Symphyllia attach to hard surfaces on reef slopes.

Morphology & Growth Forms

Lobophyllia form colonies of large, distinct lobes each containing multiple mouths. Symphyllia have meandering valleys without distinct lobes. Trachyphyllia are typically solitary with a single large mouth and free-living habit. All feature fleshy tissue that can expand significantly. Colors include red, green, orange, purple, and multi- colored varieties.

Lighting Requirements & Spectrum

• Intensity: Low to moderate
• Target PAR: 50–150

Brain corals prefer moderate lighting and can bleach or show tissue recession under intense illumination. They're ideal for lower tank positions or shaded areas. Blue spectrum lighting enhances fluorescent colors present in many specimens. Trachyphyllia especially prefers lower light conditions.

Flow Requirements & Patterns

• Intensity: Low to moderate
• Type: Gentle, indirect

Low to moderate flow is preferred. Strong direct flow can prevent tissue expansion and cause damage to the fleshy polyps. Enough flow to prevent detritus accumulation is important, but protect from powerful currents. Indirect, gentle flow works best.

Nutrient Dynamics & Water Chemistry

Brain corals benefit from moderate nutrient levels and stable water parameters. Ultra-low nutrient systems can lead to recession and color loss. Consistent alkalinity is important for skeletal health. They're moderately forgiving but prefer stability.

Feeding Biology & Symbiosis

Brain corals host zooxanthellae but are also aggressive heterotrophic feeders. They have excellent prey capture capabilities and can consume surprisingly large food items. Feeding triggers a dramatic expansion response.

• Mysis and brine shrimp
• Chopped silversides or krill
• LPS pellets
• Meaty frozen foods

Regular feeding 2–3 times per week significantly improves health, coloration, and growth. Brain corals are among the most satisfying corals to target feed due to their enthusiastic response.

Common Diseases, Pests & Predators

• Brown Jelly Disease – particularly dangerous to brain corals
• Tissue recession from light/flow stress
• Damage from aggressive neighbors
• Flatworms (uncommon)

Brown Jelly can rapidly destroy brain corals. Maintain stable conditions and avoid physical damage. If recession occurs, evaluate lighting, flow, and parameters. Healthy, well-fed specimens are more resistant to problems.

Compatibility & Placement

Brain corals can extend sweeper tentacles at night and will sting neighboring corals. They need adequate space from other species. Trachyphyllia (Open Brain) should be placed on sand beds rather than rock, as their inflated tissue can be damaged by sharp surfaces.

• Best zone: Sand bed (Trachyphyllia) or lower rock (others)
• Give space: 4–6 inches from other corals
• Trachyphyllia: Must be on sand, not rock

Fragging Techniques

Lobophyllia and Symphyllia can be fragged by cutting through the skeleton between lobes or valleys using a band saw. Each frag should include adequate skeleton and healthy tissue. Trachyphyllia are typically solitary and not fragged. Allow frags to heal in moderate conditions before permanent placement.

Aquacultured Strains & Trade Names

Popular varieties include "Master Lobo" and "Ultra Lobo" Lobophyllia with vibrant colors, "Red Symphyllia," and various "Open Brain" Trachyphyllia colors. Australian specimens are prized for intense reds and greens. Many color combinations exist including rainbow specimens.

Difficulty Rating & Summary

Difficulty: Beginner to Intermediate

Brain corals are rewarding LPS corals that offer impressive size, beautiful colors, and entertaining feeding responses. With appropriate placement, moderate lighting, and regular feeding, they make excellent additions to reef aquariums. Trachyphyllia requires slightly more attention to placement than the others.